Digital Photography

TASK 1

Aperture, shutter speed and ISO

Aperture

Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16. The lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures.

Example picture

Large Aperture

Small Aperture

Shutter speed

Shutter speed, also known as “exposure time”, stands for the length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor. If the shutter speed is fast, it can help to freeze action completely.it can create an effect called “motion blur”, where moving objects appear blurred along the direction of the motion.

Example picture

1/250 - 1/1000 (Freeze action)

1/60 - 1/125 (Hand hold)

8 - 1/30 (Movement blurr)

ISO

ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to available light. The lower the ISO number, the less sensitive it is to the light, while a higher ISO number increases the sensitivity of your camera. The component within your camera that can change sensitivity is called “image sensor” or simply “sensor”. It is the most important (and most expensive) part of a camera and it is responsible for gathering light and transforming it into an image. With increased sensitivity, your camera sensor can capture images in low-light environments without having to use a flash. But higher sensitivity comes at an expense – it adds grain or “noise” to the pictures.

levels of noise

Example picture

Low ISO (ISO 200)

High ISO (ISO 12800)

Task 2
Model Shooting

Task 3

Magazine Cover

Task 4
Depth of Field

A camera can only focus its lens at a single point, but there will be an area that stretches in front of and behind this focus point that still appears sharp.

This zone is known as the depth of field. It’s not a fixed distance, it changes in size and can be described as either ‘shallow’ (where only a narrow zone appears sharp) or deep (where more of the picture appears sharp).

Shallow

Gretest

Task 5
Photogram

Photomanipulation